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Performed climate simulations with a state-of-the-art regional climate modelĪnd suggested that Lake Malawi is a water source for regional precipitation Important role in the regional climate system. Important fishing resource in Malawi and has a unique ecosystem andīiodiversity (e.g. Regarding other aspects, Lake Malawi is an Lake level is high due to rainfall over the lake (e.g. Of flooding during the rainy season (November to March, Fig. 1) when the

SocietiesĪlong the Shire River and surrounding Lake Malawi are exposed to high risks Sugar plantations are supplied with water from the Shire River. Hydropower stations are built on the Shire River (a total installationĬapacity of 280 MW Kumambala and Ervine, 2010) and the largest national Malawi and the Shire River which flows from the lake all of the national In particular, a large part ofĪgriculture and energy in Malawi originates from the water resource of Lake Tropical south-eastern African nations such as Malawi, Mozambique, and Lake Malawi is an important water resource for surrounding With an area of 29 600 km 2, a maximum width of 75 km, and a maximum

Is the third largest of the African Great Lakes and ninth in the world, Important for efficient water resource management in nations with economies Such information on diurnal variation in precipitation is highly Joseph et al., 2008 Stivari et al., 2003 Crosman and Horel, 2010 Koseki etĪl., 2018). Mountain–valley and lake–land breeze systems (e.g. These variations are associated with the diurnal cycle of Land–lake contrast also generate the similar diurnal variations in Kitoh and Arakawa, 2005 Kikuchi and Wang, 2008 Teo etĪl., 2011 Diro et al., 2012 Koseki et al., 2013). The tropical coastal areas since the thermal contrast between coastal landĪnd ocean during daytime and nighttime induces the sea and land breezeĬirculation (e.g. The diurnal cycle is observed ubiquitously around Is controlled largely by a diurnal cycle due to the thermal heat contrastīetween water surface and land surface in the tropics (e.g.

Variability in hourly rainfall is also dominant over south-eastern Africa. Such as Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Malawi, where their economies This monsoon-brought precipitation is very importantįor the regional economy and society of the south-eastern African nations South-east of Africa (November to March, as shown in Fig. S1n), bringing a wet Conversely, the south-westward Indian winter monsoon generates a largeĬonvergence of vertically integrated moisture flux over the tropical Segele et al.,Ģ009a Viste and Sorteberg, 2013 Gleixner et al., 2017 Bohlinger et al.,Ģ017). Precipitation over north-eastern Africa and South Asia (e.g. The north-eastward moisture flux provides some of the summer Moisture flux divergence (Fig. S1m) and, consequently, a dry season falls on (May to September), tropical south-eastern Africa is covered entirely with a Camberlin, 1997 Viste and Sorteberg, 2013 Jury, 2016 DialloĮt al., 2018 Koseki and Bhatt, 2018) as shown in Fig. S1a–l in the Supplement. Is associated with the south-westerly Indian summer and north-easterly winter Manifestation of dry and wet seasons induced by the meridional march of the Surface moisture flux divergence/convergence over the lake and surroundingĪrea which contributes to the diurnal cycle of precipitation in this region.Ī key climatological characteristic of tropical south-eastern Africa is the Vapour enriched by Lake Malawi drive primarily a diurnal variation in the Lake breeze generates the intense divergence over the lake and precipitation Nocturnal lakeward land breeze generates surface convergence effectively and Lake Malawi also enhances the lake–land breeze circulation the This is most evident over the lake and surrounding coastal Variations in precipitation are substantially amplified by the presence of Simulation in which Lake Malawi is removed reveal that the diurnal Comparisons between the benchmark simulation and an idealized Precipitation around the lake is associated with the lake–land breezeĬirculation. Harmonic and principle component analyses: the precipitation is intenseĭuring midnight to morning over Lake Malawi and the precipitation peaks in Model, the well-defined diurnal cycle is detected around Lake Malawi with Using a state-of-the-art satellite product and regional atmospheric Information for water resource management in tropical south-eastern African Vary around Lake Malawi on a diurnal timescale, which can be valuable We investigate how the intensity and spatial distribution of precipitation